3000 sqft · 4 BHK · 3 Floors · North-facing
Explore a 3000 sq ft 4 BHK 3-floor north-facing South Indian house plan with smart space planning, natural light, ventilation, Vastu insights and efficient design.
A 3000 Sq Ft 4 BHK 3 Floor North Facing South Indian House Plan is a spacious and flexible home design for families seeking four bedrooms with comfortable living areas distributed across three levels. With approximately 3000 sq ft of total built-up area, the plan can accommodate living and dining areas, a functional kitchen, four bedrooms, bathrooms, utility spaces, a pooja room, family lounges, balconies and parking, depending on the plot size and local requirements.
The north-facing orientation can provide a welcoming entrance with opportunities for balanced daylight. South Indian architectural elements such as covered sit-outs, traditional columns, tiled or sloping roof features, wooden doors and natural finishes can give the home a warm and distinctive regional character.
This 3000 sq ft 4 BHK north-facing South Indian house plan uses three floors to organize common, private and flexible spaces efficiently.
A possible arrangement includes:
North-facing main entrance
Covered sit-out or entrance porch
Spacious living room
Dining area
Kitchen
Utility area
One bedroom
Bathroom
Pooja room
Car parking, subject to plot size
Master bedroom
Two additional bedrooms
Attached bathrooms
Family lounge
Balcony
Study or storage area
Multipurpose room
Home office or recreation area
Guest space
Additional bathroom
Storage
Terrace access
Open or covered balcony
The exact floor distribution should be customized according to plot dimensions, road position, setbacks, family requirements and local building regulations.
Four bedrooms provide comfortable accommodation for larger families while allowing dedicated spaces for parents, children and guests.
A possible configuration includes:
Master bedroom
Parents' bedroom
Children's bedroom
Guest bedroom
The three-floor arrangement allows the bedrooms to be distributed according to privacy, accessibility and family preferences.
A three-floor configuration can make efficient use of a relatively compact building footprint.
The ground floor can focus on:
Entrance
Living room
Dining area
Kitchen
One bedroom
Bathroom
Pooja room
Utility
The first floor can provide:
Master bedroom
Additional bedrooms
Family lounge
Attached bathrooms
Balcony
The second floor can accommodate:
Multipurpose room
Home office
Recreation area
Guest space
Additional bathroom
Terrace access
This arrangement creates a practical separation between public, private and flexible family spaces.
A north-facing entrance can be designed as an attractive and welcoming feature of the home.
Possible elements include:
Main entrance door
Covered sit-out
Entrance canopy
Car porch
Decorative columns
Wooden door details
Exterior lighting
Planters
Paved walkway
A covered entrance can provide protection from weather while creating a comfortable transition between outdoor and indoor spaces.
For homeowners following Vastu, the exact entrance position should be selected according to the actual site and preferred Vastu guidelines rather than orientation alone.
The living room can be positioned near the north-facing entrance for convenient access by residents and visitors.
A spacious living area can accommodate:
Sofa set
Centre table
Television unit
Display cabinet
Accent chairs
Side tables
Storage furniture
Well-planned windows can bring in natural daylight and encourage cross-ventilation.
A semi-open relationship between the living and dining areas can make the common space feel larger and more connected.
The dining area can be placed between the living room and kitchen for convenient circulation.
It can accommodate:
Six- to eight-seater dining table
Crockery cabinet
Hand-wash counter
Storage unit
Display shelves
An adjoining family seating area can provide a comfortable place for informal conversations and daily activities.
The 3000 sq ft total floor area provides flexibility for a comfortable and functional kitchen.
Possible layouts include:
L-shaped kitchen
U-shaped kitchen
Parallel kitchen
Island kitchen
Open kitchen
Semi-open kitchen
The kitchen can include dedicated zones for:
Cooking
Food preparation
Washing
Refrigerator
Dry storage
Small appliances
Suitable windows, chimney and exhaust systems can help manage heat, moisture and cooking odors.
A dedicated utility area can be positioned beside or behind the kitchen.
It can accommodate:
Washing machine
Utility sink
Laundry supplies
Cleaning equipment
Storage cabinets
Service connections
Separating utility activities from the main kitchen can help maintain an organized cooking and dining environment.
One bedroom on the ground floor can improve accessibility and provide flexible accommodation.
It can serve as:
Parents' bedroom
Elderly family member's bedroom
Guest bedroom
Flexible bedroom
Home office
A nearby bathroom can further improve convenience.
The first floor can form the primary private family zone.
It can accommodate:
Master bedroom
Children's bedroom
Additional bedroom
Attached bathrooms
Family lounge
Wardrobes
Study areas
A family lounge can connect the bedrooms and provide a shared private space.
The master bedroom can be located on the first floor for greater privacy.
It can accommodate:
King-size bed
Bedside tables
Large wardrobe
Dressing area
Seating
Attached bathroom
A private balcony can be included where the plot, setbacks and local regulations permit.
A dedicated children's bedroom can provide areas for sleeping, studying and storage.
Possible furniture includes:
Bed
Wardrobe
Study desk
Bookshelves
Storage cabinets
The room should receive adequate daylight and ventilation while maintaining privacy and safety.
One of the four bedrooms can be designed as a dedicated guest room.
It can accommodate:
Bed
Wardrobe
Bedside table
Compact work desk
Storage
When not occupied by guests, it can be converted into a study, home office or hobby room.
The third level can be used for functions that do not need to be directly connected to the main living areas.
Possible uses include:
Home office
Guest accommodation
Recreation room
Family lounge
Study
Hobby room
Fitness area
Storage
This provides flexibility as family needs change over time.
A three-floor home benefits from carefully distributed bathrooms.
A possible arrangement includes:
Ground-floor common bathroom
Ground-floor attached bathroom
First-floor attached bathrooms
Second-floor common or attached bathroom
Bathrooms can include:
WC
Wash basin
Shower area
Mirror
Storage niche
Ventilator
Plumbing stacks should be planned efficiently to simplify drainage and maintenance.
Waterproofing and ventilation should also be addressed during detailed design and construction.
A dedicated pooja room or prayer area can be incorporated on the ground floor.
Possible options include:
Separate pooja room
Prayer niche
Wall-mounted shrine
Built-in prayer unit
Traditional prayer cabinet
The final location can be selected according to preferred Vastu principles while maintaining practical circulation.
A family lounge on the first or second floor can provide a private shared space.
It can be used for:
Television viewing
Family conversations
Reading
Children's activities
Relaxation
Informal gatherings
A family lounge helps keep private family activities separate from the formal living room.
Balconies can be incorporated on the first or second floor where space and local regulations allow.
Possible uses include:
Morning or evening seating
Reading
Small garden
Decorative plants
Outdoor relaxation
The balcony should include safe railings, proper drainage and suitable weather protection.
A three-floor home requires a carefully designed staircase.
Important considerations include:
Comfortable tread and riser dimensions
Adequate staircase width
Proper handrails
Natural or mechanical ventilation
Sufficient lighting
Safe landings
Easy access between floors
The staircase location should minimize unnecessary circulation and provide convenient access to each level.
Natural daylight and cross-ventilation should be considered throughout the house.
Possible features include:
North-side openings
East-side windows
Bedroom windows
Kitchen windows
Stairwell openings
Bathroom ventilators
High-level vents
Balcony openings
The north-facing frontage can provide useful daylight, while openings on multiple sides can improve cross-ventilation where site conditions permit.
The final window arrangement should also consider privacy, neighboring buildings, rainfall and prevailing winds.
The exterior can combine modern planning with traditional South Indian design features.
Possible elements include:
Covered verandah
Sloping roof
Terracotta-style tiles
Traditional columns
Wooden entrance
Decorative windows
Natural stone accents
Deep roof projections
A covered sit-out can create a welcoming entrance while adding regional character.
Climate-responsive planning can improve indoor comfort and protect the home from local weather conditions.
Useful features may include:
Deep roof overhangs
Covered verandahs
Shaded windows
External screens
Cross-ventilation
Roof insulation
Suitable glazing
Rainwater drainage
Waterproofing
Climate-appropriate landscaping
The final design should be adapted to the local climate, rainfall, humidity, solar exposure and prevailing winds.
Vastu is an important consideration for many Indian homeowners.
Commonly evaluated areas include:
Main entrance
Living room
Kitchen
Master bedroom
Other bedrooms
Pooja area
Bathrooms
Staircase
Utility
Storage
For a north-facing house, the entrance and internal spaces can be arranged according to preferred Vastu guidelines and the actual site geometry.
Vastu recommendations vary between practices and should be balanced with structural safety, natural light, ventilation, accessibility and applicable building regulations.
A four-bedroom three-floor home can benefit from integrated storage throughout the building.
Consider:
Built-in wardrobes
Kitchen cabinets
Linen storage
Crockery cabinets
Under-stair storage
Wall-mounted shelves
Utility storage
Bathroom niches
Entryway storage
Upper-floor storage
Built-in solutions can reduce clutter without significantly reducing usable floor area.
If sufficient plot area is available, a car porch can be provided near the north-facing entrance.
Possible facilities include:
Car parking
Two-wheeler parking
Bicycle parking
Covered walkway
Entrance landscaping
Visitor parking where feasible
Parking should be planned according to plot dimensions, setbacks, vehicle movement and local regulations.
The frontage and side areas can be enhanced with suitable landscaping.
Possible features include:
Lawn
Flower beds
Shrubs
Potted plants
Entrance planters
Walkway
Outdoor seating
Shade trees
Landscaping can improve privacy, soften the exterior appearance and create a pleasant approach to the house.
Energy-conscious planning can improve comfort and reduce unnecessary energy use.
Consider:
Natural daylight
Cross-ventilation
LED lighting
Energy-efficient appliances
External shading
Roof insulation
Solar water heating
Solar power where practical
Efficient window placement
The terrace can also provide a suitable location for solar equipment where site conditions and local regulations permit.
The construction cost of a 3000 sq ft 4 BHK three-floor north-facing South Indian house depends on location, labour rates, material quality, structural requirements, site conditions and selected finishes.
Major cost components include:
Foundation
Soil condition
Cement
Steel
Labour
Roofing
Flooring
Doors and windows
Electrical work
Plumbing
Kitchen fittings
Bathroom fixtures
Painting
Exterior finishes
Woodwork
Staircase construction
A three-floor structure may require additional structural planning because of its greater vertical height and load requirements.
Additional expenses may include:
Site preparation
Architectural fees
Structural design
Approvals
Utility connections
Landscaping
Compound wall
Gate
Parking works
Waterproofing
Terrace works
A reliable budget should be prepared using current local rates and finalized architectural and structural drawings.
Yes. A 3000 sq ft total built-up area can be distributed across three levels to create a practical four-bedroom home.
Three floors allow the building footprint to remain relatively compact while providing multiple functional zones.
The ground floor can provide generous living, dining and kitchen spaces.
Bedrooms can be placed away from the main entrance and visitor areas.
The upper level can accommodate a home office, recreation room, guest space or other flexible functions.
Balconies and a terrace can add usable outdoor areas without significantly increasing the main footprint.
Before selecting this house plan, consider:
Plot width
Plot depth
Plot shape
North-facing road
Required setbacks
Ground coverage
Floor-area requirements
Parking requirements
Local building regulations
Maximum permitted floors
Soil condition
Drainage
Road access
Surrounding buildings
A 3000 sq ft total built-up area does not mean a 3000 sq ft plot is automatically sufficient. Setbacks, open spaces, parking and local regulations can significantly affect the required site area.
This 3000 Sq Ft 4 BHK 3 Floor North Facing South Indian House Plan can be suitable for:
Large families
Joint families
Families with children
Families requiring guest accommodation
Homeowners needing a home office
Families wanting separate private zones
Urban plots
Suburban plots
Sites where vertical planning is practical
The three-floor arrangement can provide greater separation between living, sleeping and multipurpose areas.
Three levels can provide substantial accommodation without requiring an equally large building footprint.
Bedrooms and family areas can be separated across different floors.
Upper-floor spaces can be adapted for work, recreation, guests or hobbies.
Vertical construction can be useful when plot dimensions limit horizontal expansion, subject to local regulations.
Multiple levels provide opportunities for balconies, roof features, architectural projections and traditional South Indian details.
An open or semi-open living and dining arrangement can make the interiors feel spacious.
A compact circulation layout can preserve more usable floor area.
Wardrobes, cabinets and wall niches can reduce clutter.
The staircase area can provide useful storage.
A flexible upper-floor room can function as a home office, guest room or recreation space.
Aligning bathrooms and utility connections across floors can simplify plumbing and maintenance.
A well-planned stairwell can bring daylight into multiple levels.
Depending on the plot, structural design and local regulations, homeowners may consider:
Terrace room
Larger balcony
Covered porch extension
Home office
Additional bathroom
Terrace garden
Outdoor seating
Utility expansion
Solar installation
Future additions should be considered during the initial structural and architectural design.
Before construction begins, verify:
Exact plot dimensions
North-facing road position
Site levels
Soil condition
Required setbacks
Ground coverage
Floor-area requirements
Maximum permitted floors
Parking requirements
Local building regulations
Foundation design
Structural design
Staircase dimensions
Room dimensions
Door and window placement
Kitchen layout
Bathroom layout
Electrical points
Plumbing
Drainage
Water supply
Roof design
Waterproofing
Natural ventilation
Rainwater management
Storage requirements
Future expansion requirements
The final architectural and structural drawings should be prepared and reviewed by qualified professionals for the actual site.
The 3000 Sq Ft 4 BHK 3 Floor North Facing South Indian House Plan offers a spacious and flexible solution for families who want four bedrooms while making efficient use of three levels.
With approximately 3000 sq ft of total built-up area, the home can accommodate living, dining, kitchen, four bedrooms, bathrooms, utility spaces, a pooja room, family lounges, balconies and flexible upper-floor areas. The ground floor can prioritize accessibility and common spaces, while the upper levels can provide greater privacy and multipurpose functionality.
The north-facing orientation can create a welcoming frontage with opportunities for balanced natural daylight. Covered entrances, verandahs and suitable openings can improve comfort, while South Indian architectural elements such as tiled or sloping roofs, traditional columns, wooden doors, covered sit-outs and natural finishes can add warmth and regional character.
Three-floor planning can be particularly useful where the plot limits horizontal expansion. However, the feasibility of a three-floor structure depends on local building regulations, permissible height, setbacks, structural requirements and plot characteristics.
For homeowners searching for a 3000 Sq Ft 4 BHK 3 Floor North Facing South Indian House Plan, this design provides a practical starting point for a spacious multi-level family residence.
Before construction, customize the plan according to the actual plot dimensions, local climate, setbacks, soil conditions and applicable regulations. Foundation requirements, structural safety, staircase design, drainage, waterproofing, electrical systems, plumbing, ventilation and parking should be finalized with qualified professionals.
1. Is 3000 sq ft enough for a 4 BHK three-floor house?
Yes. A total built-up area of around 3000 sq ft can be distributed across three floors to accommodate four bedrooms, common areas, bathrooms and flexible spaces when planned efficiently.
2. What does a north-facing house mean?
A north-facing house generally has its primary frontage or main entrance oriented toward the north. The exact orientation should be confirmed through a proper site survey.
3. Is a north-facing house suitable for Vastu?
Yes. A north-facing house can be planned according to Vastu principles. The entrance and internal room positions should be determined based on the actual site and preferred Vastu guidelines.
4. What are the benefits of a three-floor house?
Three floors allow homeowners to distribute bedrooms, common areas and multipurpose spaces vertically. This can be useful when the plot has limited horizontal space, subject to local regulations.
5. Where can the four bedrooms be placed?
A possible arrangement is one bedroom on the ground floor and three bedrooms across the first and second floors. The exact distribution can be adjusted according to accessibility and privacy requirements.
6. Can elderly family members use this house comfortably?
Yes. Providing a ground-floor bedroom and bathroom can reduce the need for elderly residents to use the staircase regularly.
7. Can a car porch be included?
Yes. A car porch can be included if sufficient site area remains after considering setbacks, parking requirements and vehicle movement.
8. Can a pooja room be included?
Yes. A dedicated pooja room, prayer niche or built-in prayer unit can be incorporated according to available space and preferred Vastu guidelines.
9. What South Indian features can be added?
Covered verandahs, tiled or sloping roofs, traditional columns, wooden entrance doors, decorative windows and natural stone accents can enhance the South Indian architectural style.
10. Is a three-floor structure suitable for every plot?
No. The feasibility depends on plot dimensions, setbacks, local development rules, permissible building height, structural requirements and other site-specific conditions.
11. Can the top floor be used as a home office?
Yes. A flexible second-floor room can be designed as a home office, study, hobby room or multipurpose family space.
12. Can the house be expanded later?
Potentially, depending on the structural design, remaining permissible floor area, plot conditions and local regulations. Any future expansion should be considered during the initial structural design.
Our architects will adapt this plan to your exact plot and requirements.
A detailed floor layout makes it easier to visualize how the available space will be used. It can help you assess room sizes, circulation, privacy, natural light, ventilation, and the placement of essential areas.
The right layout depends on your plot dimensions, built-up area, family size, number of bedrooms, number of floors, orientation, and lifestyle requirements.
A floor layout is a top-view representation of a home's internal arrangement. It shows how different rooms and spaces are positioned within the available built-up area.
A typical layout may indicate:
Living room
Dining area
Kitchen
Bedrooms
Bathrooms
Staircase
Utility area
Storage
Balcony
Parking
Prayer space
Open areas
Room dimensions, doors, windows, and circulation paths may also be included depending on the plan.
A good floor layout should make daily movement convenient while using the available space efficiently.
The living and dining areas should have comfortable connections, bedrooms should provide suitable privacy, and kitchens and bathrooms should be positioned with practical access to plumbing and ventilation.
Storage, utility areas, and circulation should also be considered rather than using the entire floor area only for rooms.
BuildHQ house plans cover different bedroom configurations to suit different family sizes.
Compact 1 BHK layouts focus on essential spaces while making efficient use of a smaller built-up area.
2 BHK layouts provide a practical arrangement for small families, couples, or homeowners who need an additional bedroom for guests or children.
3 BHK layouts offer greater flexibility with multiple bedrooms, larger common areas, guest accommodation, workspaces, or additional utility spaces.
4 BHK layouts provide more private accommodation and can include features such as family lounges, study rooms, guest spaces, larger kitchens, and additional storage.
5 BHK plans are suitable for larger families and multi-generational homes where multiple bedrooms and additional living spaces are required.
Single-floor plans keep all primary living spaces on one level.
These layouts can be convenient for families who prefer easy movement without stairs. They can also be suitable for older family members or homeowners planning for long-term accessibility.
Efficient room positioning becomes particularly important when the entire home must fit within a single floor.
Two-floor plans allow more built-up space without occupying the entire plot at ground level.
The ground floor can contain living, dining, kitchen, guest, and other common spaces, while bedrooms and private areas can be placed upstairs.
The staircase should be positioned carefully so that it provides convenient access without unnecessarily reducing usable living space.
Three-floor homes can provide extensive accommodation on relatively limited plots.
Different floors can be assigned to family areas, bedrooms, guest accommodation, workspaces, or recreational spaces. The layout should provide practical vertical circulation and coordinate plumbing, electrical systems, ventilation, and structural requirements.
A floor layout explains the internal arrangement, while an elevation shows the external appearance of the home.
Combining both helps homeowners understand how the planned rooms translate into the visible façade.
Elevation designs may include balconies, windows, entrance features, projections, exterior textures, colours, and other architectural elements.
North-facing plans are popular among homeowners who prefer a north-oriented entrance or want to consider specific Vastu preferences.
The layout should account for the plot's actual orientation, road position, room requirements, natural light, ventilation, and local building conditions.
South-facing homes can also be designed with practical layouts and attractive elevations.
Entrance placement, windows, room orientation, shading, ventilation, and Vastu preferences can all be considered during the planning process.
East-facing plans may appeal to homeowners who prefer an east-oriented entrance and specific daylight considerations.
The actual layout should be developed according to the plot dimensions, road access, family requirements, and design objectives.
West-facing plans can be organized to provide functional room arrangements while considering sunlight, ventilation, entrance placement, and preferred architectural principles.
The available built-up area determines how much space can be allocated to rooms and supporting areas.
Popular house plan sizes include:
600 sq ft
800 sq ft
1,000 sq ft
1,200 sq ft
1,500 sq ft
1,800 sq ft
2,000 sq ft
2,500 sq ft
3,000 sq ft and above
The same area can accommodate different floor layouts depending on the BHK configuration, number of floors, parking requirements, and design priorities.
Natural light should be considered when positioning rooms, windows, balconies, courtyards, and open spaces.
A well-planned layout can help bring daylight into frequently used areas while reducing dependence on artificial lighting during the day.
Window placement should also consider privacy, surrounding buildings, climate, and heat exposure.
Good ventilation contributes to indoor comfort and air movement.
Windows placed on suitable walls, ventilation shafts, open areas, courtyards, and balconies can support better airflow.
Kitchen and bathroom ventilation should receive particular attention during the planning stage.
Parking should be incorporated into the floor layout from the beginning.
Depending on plot size and requirements, the plan may provide covered or open parking for a car, multiple vehicles, or two-wheelers.
The parking arrangement should allow convenient entry and exit while maintaining comfortable access to the main entrance.
Many homeowners prefer floor layouts that incorporate Vastu principles.
The entrance, kitchen, bedrooms, staircase, prayer area, and other spaces may be arranged according to the homeowner's preferred Vastu guidelines.
Vastu considerations should be balanced with practical planning, structural requirements, ventilation, daylight, accessibility, and applicable building regulations.
Before selecting a plan, consider:
Plot length and width
Plot orientation
Road-facing side
Built-up area
Number of bedrooms
Number of floors
Parking requirements
Staircase location
Natural light
Ventilation
Storage
Family requirements
Vastu preferences
Future expansion
Construction budget
A plan that fits the actual plot and lifestyle is more useful than one selected only for its appearance.
Yes. A floor layout can be adjusted to meet specific site and family requirements.
Common changes include modifying room sizes, shifting the staircase, adding bathrooms, changing the kitchen position, adjusting parking, creating balconies, or increasing storage.
The final layout should be developed according to the actual plot dimensions and structural requirements.
The layout of a home can influence its construction budget.
Built-up area, number of floors, structural spans, staircase design, room configuration, bathrooms, balconies, elevation features, materials, and finishing requirements can all affect the final cost.
A practical layout can help reduce wasted space and unnecessary construction complexity.
A preliminary construction budget can be developed using the built-up area and an applicable construction rate per square foot.
However, the actual cost depends on location, construction quality, material specifications, labour rates, site conditions, design complexity, and contractor scope.
Use estimates for planning and obtain detailed quotations based on the finalized design before construction begins.
A pre-designed plan can provide valuable inspiration, but the final design should suit the actual site.
An architect can adapt the selected layout to account for plot dimensions, setbacks, road access, structural requirements, local regulations, family preferences, and budget.
This approach allows homeowners to retain useful design ideas while creating a plan that works specifically for their property.
BuildHQ provides house plan resources covering different areas, BHK configurations, floor arrangements, orientations, and architectural styles.
Explore available plans to compare room arrangements, floor layouts, and elevation ideas. Once you find a suitable concept, it can serve as a starting point for developing a project-specific home design.
What is a house plan with a floor layout?
A house plan with a floor layout shows how rooms and other spaces are arranged within a home. It can include room positions, dimensions, doors, windows, stairs, parking, and circulation areas.
What is the difference between a floor layout and an elevation?
A floor layout shows the arrangement of spaces from above, while an elevation shows the exterior appearance of the house from a particular direction.
Can I customize a house plan with a floor layout?
Yes. Room sizes, staircase positions, bathrooms, kitchen arrangements, parking, balconies, and other features can be modified according to the plot and homeowner's requirements.
Are floor layouts available for small plots?
Yes. Compact floor layouts can use efficient room arrangements, reduced circulation areas, and vertical planning to make better use of limited space.
Can a floor layout include Vastu planning?
Yes. Vastu preferences can be considered when arranging the entrance, kitchen, bedrooms, staircase, prayer area, and other spaces.
Does the floor layout affect construction cost?
Yes. The arrangement of rooms, structural spans, number of bathrooms, balconies, staircase design, built-up area, and other features can influence construction expenses.
Can I use an online floor layout directly for construction?
An online layout should generally be treated as a reference unless it has been prepared specifically for your property. Final architectural and structural drawings should account for the actual site and applicable requirements.
How do I choose the right floor layout?
Consider your plot dimensions, BHK requirements, family size, number of floors, parking, orientation, budget, lifestyle, ventilation, natural light, and future requirements.
Does BuildHQ provide construction cost estimates with house plans?
Selected house plans may include estimated construction cost information. These figures are intended for planning and can vary according to location, materials, labour, specifications, and contractor scope.
Where can I find house plans with floor layouts?
BuildHQ provides house plan resources with different floor configurations, BHK options, areas, orientations, and design styles to help homeowners compare suitable ideas for their projects.